Ivermectin
1 Overview of Ivermectin
Ivermectin in COVID-19:
https://covid19criticalcare.com/ivermectin-in-covid-19/
Global ivermectin adoption:
Current ivermectin covid studies:
2 Ivermectin Effectiveness Against COVID-19
"The ivermectin docking we identified may interfere with the attachment of the spike to the human cell membrane. Clinical trials now underway should determine whether ivermectin is an effective treatment for SARS-Cov2 infection."
Source: Ivermectin Docks to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-binding Domain Attached to ACE2, October 2020
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32871846/
"Meta-analyses based on 18 randomized controlled treatment trials of ivermectin in COVID-19 have found large, statistically significant reductions in mortality, time to clinical recovery, and time to viral clearance. Furthermore, results from numerous controlled prophylaxis trials report significantly reduced risks of contracting COVID-19 with the regular use of ivermectin. Finally, the many examples of ivermectin distribution campaigns leading to rapid population-wide decreases in morbidity and mortality indicate that an oral agent effective in all phases of COVID-19 has been identified."
Source: Review of the Emerging Evidence Demonstrating the Efficacy of Ivermectin in the Prophylaxis and Treatment of COVID-19, June 2021
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8088823/
"Two-dose ivermectin prophylaxis at a dose of 300 μg/kg with a gap of 72 hours was associated with a 73% reduction of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers for the following month. Chemoprophylaxis has relevance in the containment of pandemic."
Source: Role of ivermectin in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in India: A matched case-control study, February 2021
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33592050/
"Moderate-certainty evidence finds that large reductions in COVID-19 deaths are possible using ivermectin. Using ivermectin early in the clinical course may reduce numbers progressing to severe disease. The apparent safety and low cost suggest that ivermectin is likely to have a significant impact on the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic globally."
Source: Ivermectin for Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Trial Sequential Analysis to Inform Clinical Guidelines, August 2021
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8248252/
"These results suggest that compassionate use of weekly ivermectin could be an option as a preventive method in healthcare workers and as an adjunct to immunizations, while further well-designed randomized controlled trials are developed to facilitate scientific consensus."
Source: Ivermectin as a SARS-CoV-2 Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Method in Healthcare Workers: A Propensity Score-Matched Retrospective Cohort Study, August 2021
"Ivermectin is a safe, inexpensive and effective early COVID-19 treatment validated in 20+ RCTs."
"All subjects resolved symptoms in 11 days on average, and oxygen saturation improved in 24hrs (87.4% to 93.1%, p=0.001). Hospitalizations and deaths were significantly fewer (p<0.002 or 0.05, respectively) than in background-matched controls from the CDC database."
Source: Effectiveness of Ivermectin-Based Multidrug Therapy in Severe Hypoxic Ambulatory COVID-19 Patients, July 2021
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.06.21259924v1
"In conclusion, in this study, a combined therapy with Ivermectin-Azithromycin-Cholecalciferol given for 7 days was effective to reduce symptomatology duration and clinical progression of COVID-19."
Source: Effects of Ivermectin-azithromycin-cholecalciferol combined therapy on COVID-19 infected patients: A proof of concept study, August 2020
"73.3% of control group contract COVID-19 whereas only 6.9% over ivermectin were diagnosed. "Ivermectin, an FDA-approved, safe, cheap, and widely available drug, should be subjected to large-scale trials all over the world to ascertain its effectiveness as pre-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19."
Source: Ivermectin as Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for COVID-19 among Healthcare Providers in a Selected Tertiary Hospital in Dhaka, December 2020
https://www.ejmed.org/index.php/ejmed/article/view/599/337
"Only 2 of the 148 patients treated with Standard of Care + Ivermectin + Atorvastatin + N-acetyl cysteine, expired. The in hospital, Case Fatality Rate was therefore, 1.35 %, which was well below the national average."
Source: OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON CLINICAL FEATURES, TREATMENT AND OUTCOME OF COVID 19 IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN INDIA - A RETROSPECTIVE CASE SERIES, October 2020
"Ivermectin in the dose of 12 mg BD alone or in combination with other therapy for 5–7 days may be considered as safe therapeutic option for mild moderate or severe cases of Covid-19 infection. It is cost effective especially when the other drugs are very costly & not easily available."
Source: White paper on Ivermectin as a potential therapy for COVID-19, July 2020
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0019570720301025
"Ivermectin is an inhibitor of the COVID-19 causative virus (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro"
Source: The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, June 2020
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166354220302011
"There is evidence supporting the use of Ivermectin in decreasing mortality figures in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection."
Source: The mechanisms of action of Ivermectin against SARS-CoV-2: An evidence-based clinical review article, June 2021
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41429-021-00430-5
"the use of the standard clinical dose of ivermectin, 9 mg once, has been associated with some cases of rapid clinical resolution in severe hospitalised COVID-19;"
Source: Ivermectin may be a clinically useful anti-inflammatory agent for late-stage COVID-19, October 2020
Original: https://openheart.bmj.com/content/7/2/e001350
Correction: https://openheart.bmj.com/content/7/2/e001350corr1
"we show that ivermectin could be regarded as a multitarget agent, inhibiting different viral functions. These include blocking the recognition by the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), the interactions with the two viral proteases 3CLpro and PLpro, and the SARS Unique Domain (SUD) non-structural protein"
Source: Has Ivermectin Virus-Directed Effects against SARS-CoV-2? Rationalizing the Action of a Potential Multitarget Antiviral Agent, August 2020
https://chemrxiv.org/engage/chemrxiv/article-details/60c74eab0f50db229e397295
Meta-analysis on the efficacy of Ivermectin in treating Covid19: "Moderate-certainty evidence finds that large reductions in COVID-19 deaths are possible using ivermectin. Using ivermectin early in the clinical course may reduce numbers progressing to severe disease. The apparent safety and low cost suggest that ivermectin is likely to have a significant impact on the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic globally."
Ivermectin for Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Trial Sequential Analysis to Inform Clinical Guidelines, August 2021
A double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial shows that Ivermectin is able to cure covid within 6 days for most people: "On day 6, 34 out of 47 (72%) patients in the ivermectin arm reached the endpoint, compared to 21/ 42 (50%) in the placebo arm (OR 2·62; 95% CI: 1·09-6·31). In a multivariable logistic-regression model, the odds of a negative test at day 6 was 2.62 time higher in the ivermectin group (95% CI: 1·06–6·45). Cultures at days 2 to 6 were positive in 3/23 (13·0%) of ivermectin samples vs. 14/29 (48·2%) in the placebo group (p=0·008). Conclusions: There were significantly lower viral loads and viable cultures in the ivermectin group, which could lead to shortening isolation time in these patients."
Favorable outcome on viral load and culture viability using Ivermectin in early treatment of non-hospitalized patients with mild COVID-19 – A double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial, May 31, 2021
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.31.21258081v1
Ivermectin stops replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro: "Taken together these results demonstrate that ivermectin has antiviral action against the SARS-CoV-2 clinical isolate in vitro, with a single dose able to control viral replication within 24–48 h in our system."
The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166354220302011
Ivermectin treatment leads to much faster recovery: "This trial concluded by stating that the combined use of nitazoxanide, ribavirin, and ivermectin plus zinc supplement effectively cleared the SARS-COV2 from the nasopharynx in a shorter time than symptomatic therapy."
Effect of a combination of nitazoxanide, ribavirin, and ivermectin plus zinc supplement (MANS.NRIZ study) on the clearance of mild COVID-19
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmv.26880
NIH study reveals that a five-day course of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19 may reduce the duration of illness: "A 5-day course of ivermectin was found to be safe and effective in treating adult patients with mild COVID-19. . . . The mean duration to viral clearance was 9.7 days (95% CI 7.8–11.8 days) for the 5-day ivermectin arm (p = 0.02), 11.5 days (95% CI 9.8–13.2 days) for the ivermectin + doxycycline (p = 0.27) arm, and 12.7 days (95% CI 11.3–14.2 days) for the placebo group."
A five-day course of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19 may reduce the duration of illness, December 2, 2020
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7709596/
Ivermectin has antiviral properties: "Ivermectin, a broadly used anti-helminthic drug, proved to be a highly potent inhibitor of YFV replication (EC50 values in the sub-nanomolar range). Moreover, ivermectin inhibited, although less efficiently, the replication of several other flaviviruses, i.e. dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis and tick-borne encephalitis viruses. Ivermectin exerts its effect at a timepoint that coincides with the onset of intracellular viral RNA synthesis, as expected for a molecule that specifically targets the viral helicase. Conclusions: The well-tolerated drug ivermectin may hold great potential for treatment of YFV infections. Furthermore, structure-based optimization may result in analogues exerting potent activity against flaviviruses other than YFV."
Ivermectin is a potent inhibitor of flavivirus replication specifically targeting NS3 helicase activity: new prospects for an old drug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3888155/
Ivermectin has antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2: "The results showed that treatment with ivermectin effectively kills almost all viral particles within 48 h. The study was the first to assess the antiviral effect of ivermectin on COVID-19."
Ivermectin: a systematic review from antiviral effects to COVID-19 complementary regimen
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41429-020-0336-z
Ivermectin binds to Covid19 proteins to block the virus: " Ivermectin was found as a blocker of viral replicase, protease and human TMPRSS2, which could be the biophysical basis behind its antiviral efficiency. The antiviral action and ADMET profile of ivermectin was on par with the currently used anticorona drugs such as hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir."
Exploring the binding efficacy of ivermectin against the key proteins of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis: an in silico approach, March 10, 2021
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7996102/
Evidence that Ivermectin can be effective as a prophylactic. Mexican frontline healthcare workers were given Ivermectin as a preventative and zero got sick with covid, whereas 58.2% of the control group who did not take Ivermectin got covid: "We conclude that by using ivermectin in oral solution and carrageenan in nasal spray form, we are providing an inexpensive, safe and effective means to protect people from contagion and serious forms of the disease"
Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Topical Ivermectin + IotaCarrageenan in the Prophylaxis against COVID-19 in Health Personnel
Ivermectin found safe to give 12mg per day for 5 days: "The drugs ivermectin and doxycycline are commonly used in the developing world and found to be safe and effective in treating both parasitic and bacterial infections. . . . the results provide evidence of the potential benefit of the early intervention with the drug ivermectin for the treatment of adult patients diagnosed with mild SARS-CoV-2."
A five-day course of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19 may reduce the duration of illness, December 2, 2020
https://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712%2820%2932506-6/fulltext
Ivermectin safely administered 60mg per day for 6 months
Continuous high-dose ivermectin appears to be safe in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and could inform clinical repurposing for COVID-19 infection, July 1, 2020
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10428194.2020.1786559
2.1 Other Ivermectin Benefits
"ivermectin inhibits LPS-induced production of inflammatory cytokines"
Source: Inhibitory effects of ivermectin on nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, March 2009
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19168156/
"Recently, ivermectin has been reported to inhibit the proliferation of several tumor cells by regulating multiple signaling pathways. This suggests that ivermectin may be an anticancer drug with great potential."
Source: Ivermectin, a potential anticancer drug derived from an antiparasitic drug, January 2021
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7505114/
"After more than 25 years of use, ivermectin continues to provide a high margin of safety for a growing number of indications based on its anti-parasitic and anti-inflammatory activities."
Source: Over 25 Years of Clinical Experience With Ivermectin: An Overview of Safety for an Increasing Number of Indications, March 2016
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26954318/
The mechanisms of action of ivermectin against SARS-CoV-2—an extensive review
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41429-021-00491-6
Israeli scientist says COVID-19 could be treated for under $1/day with ivermectin
3 Ivermectin Success Stories
"The team concluded that ivermectin-based interventions in a well-designed population-level scheme mitigates the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health system in the world’s fifth largest city."
Source: Mexico City Wide Innovative Population-Level Study Administers Ivermectin-based Home Kits with Drastic Reduction in Hospitalizations, May 2021
Tokyo's Medical Association Chairman holds press conference recommending Ivermectin to COVID patients
https://www.bitchute.com/video/hOq5NKY6K00U/
3.1 India's Ivermectin Blackout
"It's not that India is testing less or things are going underreported," says Jishnu Das, a health economist at Georgetown University. . . . It's been rising, rising — and now suddenly, it's vanished! I mean, hospital ICU utilization has gone down. Every indicator says the numbers are down."
The Mystery Of India's Plummeting COVID-19 Cases
India's Ivermectin Blackout
India's Ivermectin Blackout: Part II
India's Ivermectin Blackout - Part III: The Lesson of Kerala
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