Spike Protein
Spike Protein Concerns
Pre-published study with 77 co-authors and at least three peer reviews demonstrates the target vector is CD4 molecule which shuts down Tcells and compromises immunity
"We demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S) directly binds to the CD4 molecule, which in turn mediates the entry of SARS-CoV-2 in T helper cells. This leads to impaired CD4 T cell function and may cause cell death. SARS-CoV-2-infected T helper cells express higher levels of IL-10, which is associated with viral persistence and disease severity. Thus, CD4-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection of T helper cells may contribute to a poor immune response in COVID-19 patients."
"Infection of CD4+ T cells by SARS-CoV-2 could explain lymphocytopenia and dysregulated inflammatory response in severe COVID-19 patients. Moreover, from an evolutionary perspective, infection of CD4+ T cells represents an effective mechanism for viruses to escape the immune response."
"How long these alterations in T cell function persist in vivo and whether they have long-lasting impacts on adaptive immunity remains to be determined."
"Hence, avoiding T cell infection by blocking SARS-CoV-2—CD4 interaction and boosting T cell resistance against SARS-CoV-2 might represent complementary therapeutic approaches to preserve immune response integrity and prevent patients from progressing to the severe stages of COVID-19."
Source: SARS-CoV-2 Uses CD4 to Infect T Helper Lymphocytes
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.25.20200329v2.full
Additional info:
https://www.coffeeandcovid.com/p/jackpot-tuesday-august-8-2023-c-and
Study from 2005 explains how antibodies to the S-protein and the M-protein are effective in neutralizing the SARS-CoV-1 virus. However, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines only target the S-protein.
SARS patients-derived human recombinant antibodies to S and M proteins efficiently neutralize SARS-coronavirus infectivity, December 18, 2005
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16544518/
Study on how SARS-CoV-2 uses the spike protein to enter human cells
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02039-y
Study on how the spike protein crosses the blood-brain barrier
The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein alters barrier function in 2D static and 3D microfluidic in-vitro models of the human blood–brain barrier
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096999612030406X?via%3Dihub
Study on how the spike protein in vaccines can cause cell damage
SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Elicits Cell Signaling in Human Host Cells: Implications for Possible Consequences of COVID-19 Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7827936/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7827936/pdf/vaccines-09-00036.pdf
Study on how the spike protein can cause neurodegeneration
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interactions with amyloidogenic proteins: Potential clues to neurodegeneration
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006291X2100499X?via%3Dihub
Journal article with evidence how the spike protein alone can damage cells by binding to ACE2, causing the cells mitochondria to lose their shape and break apart.
SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Impairs Endothelial Function via Downregulation of ACE 2
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318902
Study with evidence that spike proteins end up circulating in the blood, even though they're supposed to be anchored on the cell membranes instead of being free radicals
Circulating Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Vaccine Antigen Detected in the Plasma of mRNA-1273 Vaccine Recipients
https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciab465/6279075?login=false
More evidence that spike proteins do not stay on the cell membranes but end up circulating in the blood
“Vaccine-Induced Covid-19 Mimicry” Syndrome: Splice reactions within the SARS-CoV-2 Spike open reading frame result in Spike protein variants that may cause thromboembolic events in patients immunized with vector-based vaccines
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-558954/v1
Pfizer animal testing document, obtained by Dr. Byram Bridle through FOI request to the Japanese government, showing the biodistribution of the lipid-nano particles throughout the bodies and organs of the test subjects.
SARS-COV-2 mRNA Vaccine (BNT162, PF-07302048) 2.6.4 Overview of Pharmacokinetic Test
https://files.catbox.moe/0vwcmj.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20210530032713/https://files.catbox.moe/0vwcmj.pdf
"S protein alone can damage vascular endothelial cells"
"Lung damage was apparent in animals receiving Pseu-Spike"
"This study may shed light on the reported adverse events after vaccination like heart attacks, strokes, thrombosis, miscarriages, and the thousands of eye disorders. The retina is profused with small capillaries, making them prone to endotheliitis."
Source: SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Impairs Endothelial Function via Downregulation of ACE 2, March 2021
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318902
Commentary from Dr. Jesse Santiano
https://drjessesantiano.com/the-spike-protein-of-the-sars-cov-2-can-cause-vascular-damage/
"The researchers found that the genetically modified mice injected with the spike protein exhibited COVID-19-like symptoms that included severe inflammation, an influx of white blood cells into their lungs and evidence of a cytokine storm—an immune response in which the body starts to attack its own cells and tissues rather than just fighting off the virus."
"Our findings show that the SARS-CoV2 spike protein causes lung injury even without the presence of intact virus"
Source: SARS-CoV-2 spike protein alone may cause lung damage, April 2021
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2021-04-sars-cov-spike-protein-lung.html
Viral RNA found in all organs except liver and olfactory bulb of deceased vaccinated:
"Postmortem molecular mapping by real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed relevant SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold values in all organs examined (oropharynx, olfactory mucosa, trachea, lungs, heart, kidney and cerebrum) except for the liver and olfactory bulb. These results might suggest that the first vaccination induces immunogenicity but not sterile immunity."
Source: First case of postmortem study in a patient vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, June 2021
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8051011/
"Prior murine exposure to HKU1 spike protein completely impeded the development of neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, consistent with original antigenic sin."
Source: Original antigenic sin responses to Betacoronavirus spike proteins are observed in a mouse model, August 2021
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34449792
"we demonstrate that intratracheal instillation of a single element of SARS-CoV-2, S1SP, in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice induces COVID-19-like local (lung) and systemic inflammatory responses."
Source: The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunit S1 induces COVID-19-like acute lung injury in Κ18-hACE2 transgenic mice and barrier dysfunction in human endothelial cells
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34156871/
"Here we suggest that, in part, the presence of spike protein in circulation may contribute to the hypercoagulation in COVID-19 positive patients and may cause substantial impairment of fibrinolysis. Such lytic impairment may result in the persistent large microclots we have noted here and previously in plasma samples of COVID-19 patients."
Source: SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 induces fibrin(ogen) resistant to fibrinolysis: Implications for microclot formation in COVID-19
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.05.21252960v1
"SARS-CoV-2 spike protein expression in A549 cells induces senescence markers. Cellular senescence may play a role in poor clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients "
Source: SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Induces Paracrine Senescence and Leukocyte Adhesion in Endothelial Cells
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8354225/
"However, in the in vivo study of the SARS-CoV-1 spike protein described above [28], a deletion mutant that only contained the RBD also worsened the acid-induced lung failure, like the full-length spike protein."
Source: SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Elicits Cell Signaling in Human Host Cells: Implications for Possible Consequences of COVID-19 Vaccines
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